Missing one or more teeth can interfere with your ability to chew, speak, and smile with ease. If you’ve been exploring ways to replace missing teeth, a fixed partial denture might be the solution you’re looking for. Often known as a dental bridge, this restoration helps fill gaps left by missing teeth and restores both function and appearance.

In this guide, we’ll explain a fixed partial denture, how it works, the different types available, and what you can expect during treatment. We’ll also look at the advantages, costs, and how it compares to removable partial dentures and dental implants.

What Is a Fixed Partial Denture?

A fixed partial denture is a custom-made dental restoration created to replace one or more missing teeth by permanently attaching an artificial tooth, or several teeth, to the surrounding natural teeth or dental implants. Unlike removable dentures, a fixed bridge remains firmly in place and can only be removed by a dentist.

The artificial tooth, often called a replacement tooth or pontic, is supported by abutment teeth, which are the adjacent natural teeth on each side of the gap. Crowns are placed over these abutment teeth to securely hold the bridge.

This type of treatment restores your smile, helps maintain your bite alignment, and prevents surrounding teeth from shifting into the empty space.

How a Fixed Partial Denture Works

The main goal of a fixed partial denture is to replace missing teeth in a way that feels and looks natural. It distributes the chewing forces evenly across your teeth, helping your mouth remain stable and functional.

Your dentist carefully prepares the abutment teeth to support the bridge during treatment. Once these are shaped, impressions are taken to create a precise mould. The dental laboratory then creates the custom-made bridge, carefully matching it to your natural teeth in colour, size, and shape for a seamless look.

When fitted, the artificial tooth fills the gap, restoring the balance and appearance of your smile. Because the bridge is permanently attached, it remains stable even during eating and speaking.

Types of Fixed Partial Dentures

Not all fixed partial dentures are the same. Depending on your needs, condition of remaining teeth, and treatment plan, your dentist may recommend one of the following:

1. Conventional Fixed Partial Denture

The most common type is a conventional FPD. It uses crowns on both abutment teeth to support the replacement tooth between them. This design provides strong support and natural aesthetics. However, the dentist must reshape the adjacent teeth to make space for the crowns.

2. Cantilever Fixed Partial Denture

This type of bridge is used when there’s only one healthy tooth next to the gap. The artificial tooth is anchored to this single abutment. While effective in specific situations, a cantilever FPD may place additional pressure on the supporting tooth, which can raise the risk of root fracture or damage over time.

3. Resin-Bonded Bridge (Maryland Bridge).

A resin-bonded bridge, often called a Maryland bridge, uses wings or porcelain wings attached to the back of the adjacent teeth. This design is more conservative because it doesn’t require full crowns on the abutment teeth. It’s typically used to replace a single tooth, especially in the front, where less chewing pressure occurs.

4. Implant-Supported Fixed Partial Denture

In this option, artificial teeth are supported by dental implants instead of natural teeth. This approach avoids placing stress on the surrounding teeth and preserves jawbone health. An implant-supported bridge is an excellent choice when multiple teeth are missing in a row.

Comparing Fixed and Removable Partial Dentures

While both fixed and removable partial dentures aim to replace missing teeth, they differ in several important ways.

A removable partial denture can be easily taken out when cleaning your teeth or before going to sleep. It often uses metal clasps or precision attachments to hold it in place. However, more affordable upfront, removable dentures can feel less stable and may require frequent adjustments.

In contrast, a fixed bridge remains permanently attached, offering better stability, comfort, and function. It feels more like natural teeth and often provides superior long-term results.

The Step-by-Step Treatment Process

The process of getting a fixed partial denture typically involves several steps to achieve an accurate and comfortable fit.

1. Consultation and Assessment

Your journey starts with a thorough consultation. The dentist examines your mouth, remaining teeth, and jawbone health. X-rays or digital scans may be taken to review your oral structure and assist your dentist in planning the treatment accurately.

2. Tooth Preparation

The abutment teeth are reshaped for a conventional or cantilever FPD to accommodate crowns. This step ensures the bridge sits comfortably and correctly aligns with your bite.

3. Impression and Custom Fabrication

Next, your dentist takes detailed impressions or digital scans. These are sent to a dental laboratory, where a custom-made bridge is crafted using materials such as porcelain, cast metal, or a combination of both for strength and aesthetics.

4. Temporary Bridge Placement

While waiting for your definitive restoration, a temporary bridge protects your prepared teeth and maintains the appearance of your smile.

5. Fitting and Cementation

Once your permanent bridge is complete, your dentist will thoroughly check its fit, colour, and comfort to ensure it feels and looks natural before placing it permanently. The dentist then bonds it securely using dental cement, ensuring it remains stable.

6. Follow-Up Appointments

A follow-up visit allows your dentist to check how the bridge feels and functions in your mouth. If necessary, small adjustments can be made to enhance the fit and ensure optimal comfort and function.

Materials Used in Fixed Partial Dentures

The materials used play a key role in how your fixed partial denture performs and looks. Common options include:

Porcelain fused to metal: Combines strength and natural aesthetics.
All porcelain or ceramic: Offers superior colour matching for front teeth.

Your dentist will recommend materials based on your bite forces, location of the missing teeth, and desired appearance.

Caring for Your Fixed Partial Denture

Good oral hygiene is essential to make sure your fixed bridge remains strong and plaque-free.

Here are some simple tips to keep your bridge and natural teeth in good condition:

Brush your teeth twice a day using a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste to keep your mouth clean and healthy.
Use floss threaders or interdental brushes to clean around the bridge and beneath the replacement tooth.
Rinse daily with an antibacterial mouthwash to minimise plaque buildup and keep your mouth feeling fresh.
Schedule routine dental check-ups and professional cleanings with your dentist.

Maintaining your oral hygiene prevents gum disease and decay around the abutment teeth, ensuring your bridge remains stable for many years.

Advantages of Fixed Partial Dentures

Choosing a fixed bridge offers several benefits that enhance both oral function and appearance:

Restores normal chewing and speaking functions, allowing you to eat and communicate comfortably.
Improves your smile and overall facial aesthetics.
Prevents adjacent teeth from drifting into empty spaces.
Distributes bite forces evenly across your teeth.
Provides a durable, long-lasting solution when properly maintained.
Feels more natural than removable dentures.

A major advantage of this treatment is how closely it mimics the look and feel of natural teeth, giving patients assurance in both function and appearance.

Potential Risks and Considerations

Like any dental treatment, fixed partial dentures have certain considerations.

Because abutment teeth are prepared to support the bridge, there’s a small chance of sensitivity or root fracture if the tooth structure is weakened. Inadequate cleaning can also lead to plaque accumulation (fpd plaque), which increases the risk of decay or gum inflammation.

Regular professional check-ups and maintaining good oral hygiene are essential to prevent these complications.

How Much Does a Fixed Partial Denture Cost?

The cost of a fixed partial denture may vary based on several factors, including the number of teeth being replaced, the materials chosen, and whether the bridge is supported by dental implants or natural teeth.

The cost may vary depending on your treatment plan and the complexity of your case. Implant-supported bridges generally cost more because they involve surgical placement of implants, but they also offer excellent long-term stability and bone preservation.

During your consultation, your dentist will give you a detailed cost estimate and explain every aspect of the treatment before moving forward.

Fixed Partial Dentures vs Dental Implants

Both fixed partial dentures and dental implants are excellent options to replace missing teeth, but they work differently.

Dental implants restore the full tooth structure, including the root, by anchoring securely into the jawbone for a stable and lasting foundation. This helps preserve bone health and offers a long-lasting solution. However, implant procedures require sufficient bone and take longer to complete.

Fixed partial dentures, on the other hand, rely on adjacent natural teeth for support. They offer faster results and are less invasive, though they may not prevent bone loss in the same way implants do.

Choosing between these options depends on your oral health, budget, and personal preference.

Longevity and Maintenance

With good care, a fixed partial denture can last 10 to 15 years or more. Its longevity depends on the condition of the abutment teeth, consistent oral hygiene, and regular dental check-ups.

Avoid using your teeth to open packages or bite hard objects, as this can damage the bridge or the surrounding teeth. Prolonged use without regular follow-up may lead to wear or gum changes, so professional monitoring is important to keep your restoration functioning well.

A Closer Look at Natural Aesthetics

Modern fixed partial dentures are designed with a focus on natural aesthetics. Porcelain materials are often layered to match the translucency of real enamel, blending seamlessly with your surrounding teeth.

Dentists pay close attention to factors like incisal edges, colour tone, and alignment to ensure the replacement tooth appears as natural as possible. This attention to detail helps the bridge look and feel like part of your own smile.

When to Consider a Fixed Partial Denture

You may be a good candidate for a fixed bridge if you:

Have one or more missing teeth surrounded by healthy adjacent natural teeth.
Prefer a permanent, non-removable option.
Want a solution that restores both function and appearance.
Maintain good oral hygiene and gum health.

If your remaining teeth or bone structure cannot support a fixed bridge, your dentist may suggest alternative treatments such as a removable partial or dental implants.

Final Thoughts

A fixed partial denture offers a dependable and effective solution to replace missing teeth, restore your smile, and support your long-term oral health. Whether supported by natural teeth or implants, it provides stability, comfort, and natural-looking results that can last for many years with proper care.

If you have gaps in your smile or are considering a replacement tooth solution, talk to your dentist about whether a fixed partial denture is right for you. Regular brushing, careful cleaning around your bridge, and routine follow-ups will help your smile remain healthy, functional, and natural.

If you’re considering a fixed partial denture or exploring options to replace missing teeth, book a consultation with Beyond 32 Dental today. Our experienced team can guide you through your treatment options and create a personalised plan to help you restore your smile. Call (02) 9158 6334 to schedule your appointment.

Note: Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.

References

Mayo Clinic Staff. (2024, March 14). Oral health: A window to your overall health. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/dental/art-20047475
Cleveland Clinic. (2022, October 18). Implant-supported dentures. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/24303-implant-supported-dentures
ScienceDirect Topics. (n.d.). Fixed partial denture – an overview. Elsevier. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/nursing-and-health-professions/fixed-partial-denture
Krans, B. (2023, February 22). Dental X-rays: Purpose, procedure, and risks. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/dental-x-rays

Replacing Missing Teeth with a Fixed Partial Denture: What to Expect